America's Founders are under attack. Their monuments are being toppled and their names removed from schools and other public buildings. Children are being taught that George Washington and Benjamin Franklin were evil, rich slaveowners who formed this nation to protect their wealth and maintain the institution of slavery.
This twisted history of America is dividing and destroying her. The truth is that at a time when slavery was being practiced in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and many parts of the world, America’s founders turned against it. Dr. Thomas Sowell, who happens to be black, has written about this, saying,
Slavery was just not an issue, not even among intellectuals, much less among political leaders, until the 18th century–and then it was an issue only in Western civilization. Among those who turned against slavery in the 18th century were George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, and other American leaders. You could research all of 18th century Africa or Asia or the Middle East without finding any comparable rejection of slavery there (Hyatt, Abolitionist Founding Fathers, 9).
The late historians, Elizabeth
Fox-Genovese and Eugene Genovese made the same observation, and wrote, “Perception
of slavery as morally unacceptable — as sinful — did not become widespread
until the second half of the eighteenth century.”
The
Source of the Moral Outrage Against Slavery
The rise of this 18th century movement against slavery can be traced to the great, spiritual
awakening that rocked Colonial America, beginning in 1726. Entire towns were
morally transformed as evidenced by Benjamin Franklin’s description of this
“Great Awakening” in his hometown of Philadelphia in 1739. He wrote,
From being thoughtless or
indifferent about religion, it seemed as if all the world were growing
religious so that one could not walk through the town in an evening without
hearing psalms sung in different families of every street
Out of this Awakening racial and cultural barriers were breached and there arose a
powerful anti-slavery movement as Awakening preachers began, not only to offer
salvation to individuals, but to attack the institution of slavery as
sinful and evil in the sight of God.
Samuel Hopkins (1721–1803), for
example, was outraged by what he saw while pastoring in Newport, Rhode Island,
an important hub in the transatlantic slave trade. He declared, “This whole
country have their hands full of blood this day.”
In 1774, after the First Continental Congress had convened in
Philadelphia, Hopkins sent a pamphlet to every member of the Congress, asking
how they could complain about “enslavement” to England and overlook the
“enslavement” of so many blacks in the Colonies.
Methodists, Baptists, Quakers, and
Puritan preachers carried the fight against slavery even into the South and to
slaveowners. This is what historian, Benjamin Hart was referring to when he
wrote, “Among the most ardent opponents of slavery were ministers, particularly
the Puritan and revivalist preachers.”
This abolition movement gained
momentum and eventually turned multitudes against slavery, including America’s
founding fathers.
America’s
Founding Fathers
Thomas Jefferson called slavery a “moral depravity” and
“hideous blot" and said it presented the greatest threat to the
future survival of America. James Madison, America’s 4th president, called slavery "the most oppressive dominion
ever exercised by man over man."
Dr. Benjamin Rush,
a member of the Continental Congress and signer of the Declaration of
Independence, was a passionate abolitionist who helped form the first Abolition
Society in America in his hometown of Philadelphia. He said, “Slavery is a
Hydra sin and includes in it every violation of the precepts of the Laws and
the Gospels”
Benjamin Franklin, in
1785, liberated his two slaves and began advocating for abolition. He joined
the Abolition Society in Philadelphia and later served as its president. He
called slavery “an atrocious debasement of human nature.”
George Washington faced
a more complex situation because of the size of the plantation and the number
of slaves he had inherited. Nonetheless, he set up a compassionate program to completely
disentangle Mt. Vernon from the institution of slavery. Concerning abolition,
he declared,
Not only do I pray for
it, on the score of human dignity, but I can clearly foresee that nothing but
the rooting out of slavery can perpetuate the existence of our union by
consolidating it in a common bond of principle
By the time of the
writing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the Constitution in
1787, virtually every founder, even those who owned slaves, agreed with John
Adams, America’s 2nd president, who declared,
Every
measure of prudence ought to be assumed for the eventual total extirpation of
slavery from the United States. I
have throughout my whole life held the practice of slavery in abhorrence
Frederick Douglass (1816-1895), the former slave and passionate abolitionist, learned these truths about America's founding fathers and came to have a high regard for them. In a July 4th speech delivered in 1852, Douglass
referred to the U.S. Constitution as “a glorious liberty document,” and said,
Fellow Citizens, I am not wanting in respect for the fathers of this republic. The signers of the Declaration of Independence were brave men. They were great men too—great enough to give fame to a great age. It does not often happen to a nation to raise, at one time, such a number of truly great men.
America’s
Colorblind Founding Documents
Because
America’s founders turned against slavery, there are no classifications based
on race or skin color in America’s founding documents. Neither is there any
mention of slaves or slavery. Nothing in either the Declaration of Independence
or the United States Constitution indicates that the freedoms guaranteed do not
apply to every individual. America’s
founding documents are colorblind even if her history has not been.
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929–1968) understood this
and in his stirring, I Have a Dream
speech, he challenged America, not to dispense with her
founding documents, but instead, to live up to them. Speaking from the steps of
the Lincoln Memorial, he declared,
When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the "unalienable Rights" of "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.
Secularists love to insist that America was founded on racist principles. They are wrong. The historian, David Azerrad, was correct when he said, “The argument that the Constitution is racist suffers from one fatal flaw; the concept of race does not exist in the Constitution.”
Not
Perfect, But Worthy of Honor
America’s
founders were born into a world where slavery had existed for thousands of years. They were not perfect and their writings sometimes reflect
prevailing notions of the times. Nonetheless, they should be honored for the
revolutionary stand they took against slavery at a time it was accepted and practiced all over the world.
Against
the tide of history and world opinion, they created a nation based on the
belief that “all men are created equal" and that they are "endowed by their Creator with
certain inalienable rights such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”
They formulated founding documents that would eventually eradicate the institution they had come to abhor, and make America the land of the free and home of the brave, with
people of every race and ethnicity wanting to live here.
This article is derived from Dr. Eddie Hyatt’s book, Abolitionist Founding Fathers, available from Amazon and his website at www.eddiehyatt.com. Eddie is also the founder of the “1726 Project” with the goal
of educating America about her true origins in the First Great Awakening.
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