In his address to the nation after the
horrible massacres in El Paso and Dayton, President Trump called for a cultural
change in America. For him and many others, those horrific crimes were the most
recent reminders that something is disturbingly amiss with our culture.
Who Will Bring Cultural Change?
This
then leads to the pressing question, “Who will bring the needed cultural
change? Will it come from the stars and starlets in Hollywood? What about the mainstream media or the educational system? Maybe from
politicians? Perhaps from the music industry?
The
answer is “none of the above.” All these have miserably failed in this regard and
have all contributed to what is wrong in the culture. No, the only hope for
positive cultural change lies with the church—the followers of Jesus Christ—whom
He called the light of the world and the salt of the earth (Matthew 5:13-14)).
How Will it Occur?
For
this to occur, however, the church must recover the Message that was entrusted
to her by the Lord. The Message is the key. It was the Gospel Message, in fact,
preached without compromise, that gave birth of the United States of
America.
This
was confirmed by the late Harvard professor, Perry Miller, who said, “The
Declaration of Independence of 1776 was a direct result of the preaching of the
evangelists of the Great Awakening.” This was not a reference to the “style” of
preaching, for there were varied styles, but to the Message itself that was
preached.
Since
George Whitefield was the most noted preacher of the Awakening, I will here
seek to delineate the Message he preached. There is no question that
Whitefield’s preaching brought cultural change to colonial America. Concerning
his visit to Philadelphia in 1739, Benjamin Franklin wrote,
It
was wonderful to see the change soon made in the manners of our inhabitants.
From being thoughtless or indifferent about religion, it seemed as if all the
world were growing religious so that one could not walk through the town in an
evening with hearing psalms sung in different families of every street (Hyatt, The Faith and Vision of Benjamin Franklin,
32-33).
The Power of the Message Itself
While
many in the church are looking for a bigger and better program or a more
appealing style, the answer for cultural change lies in the Message itself.
This understanding is critical, for in Romans 1:16, Paul speaks of the inherent
power of the Gospel Message, saying, For I am not ashamed of the gospel of
Christ for it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who
believes . . ..
Paul
makes clear that the Gospel is not a conduit or channel for God’s saving power.
The power is in the Message itself. Then, in I Corinthians 1:17, he warns that
if we go too far in attempting to make the Message “cool, hip and acceptable”
to contemporary culture, we run the risk of preaching a message that has been
emptied of its power (NIV).
Whitefield’s Message
Whitefield
was absorbed with the Message. He lived and breathed God’s Word. Concerning the
early days of His ministry after graduating from Oxford, he wrote,
"My
mind now being more open and enlarged, I began to read the Holy Scriptures on
my knees, laying aside all other books, and praying over, if possible, every
line and every word" (Hyatt, George Whitefield,
12).
For
his sermons, he did not rely on testimonies or feel-good anecdotal stories. His
preaching was Biblical and Christ-centered. He would take a passage of
Scripture, such as the healing of blind Bartimaeus, the faith of Abraham in
offering up Isaac, or the parable of the ten virgins, and expound on it.
No
matter which passage he used, he always made application to mankind’s lost
condition and Jesus Christ as the only remedy for sin and the only way to be
reconciled to God.
Recognizing
the risk of oversimplifying the matter, Whitefield’s message can, I believe, be
divided into three distinct categories.
1. The
dire condition of fallen, sinful humanity, separated from God and deserving of
eternal damnation.
2. The
wondrous mercy and grace of God shown toward sinful humanity in the person and
work of Jesus Christ.
3. The
necessity of a new birth, and the inadequacy of baptism, church membership, and
all religious externals in which people have placed their hope.
Humanity’s Fallen Condition
Whitefield
emphasized the truth of humanity’s sinfulness and lostness outside of Christ.
Benjamin Franklin mentioned this in his Autobiography, telling how he
was surprised that the people so admired and respected Whitefield despite the
fact that “he commonly abused them, assuring them they were no more than
half-devils and half-beasts” (Hyatt, George
Whitefield, 51).
When
this author first read this statement of Franklin, I assumed he was using
hyperbole in speaking of Whitefield’s preaching on the sinful condition of
fallen humanity. However, in a later reading of Whitefield’s sermons, I
discovered that Franklin was accurately describing Whitefield’s message.
Preaching
from the steps of the Philadelphia courthouse to a massive crowd that included
Franklin and the leading citizens of that city. Whitfield did not hold back,
but in stark terms, and a bit of hyperbole, painted a very unflattering picture
of the fallen state of humanity. As the huge crowd stood and listened in rapt
silence, Whitefield’s passionate and melodious voice pierced the atmosphere.
But
let these modern, polite gentlemen, and my letter-learned brethren, paint man
[humanity] in as lovely colors as they please; I will not do it; I dare not
make him less than the word of God does. If I was to paint man in his proper
colors, I must go to the kingdom of hell for a copy; for man is by nature full
of pride, subtlety, malice, envy, revenge and all un-charitableness; and what
are these but the temper of the devil? And lust, sensuality, pleasure, these
are the tempers of the beast. Thus, my brethren, man is half a beast and half a
devil (Hyatt, George Whitefield, 51-52).
Modern ears, use to being tickled with "feel-good" anecdotal soundbites, will react to such preaching, Nonetheless, in light of the cultural corruption we are seeing all around, mankind's fallen state is a Biblical truth that must be reconsidered.
Whitefield
understood that humanity had been created a noble creature in the image and
likeness of God. He also understood that the image had been marred by the fall
and sin as described in Genesis 3. He is here describing, with some hyperbole,
the awful condition of mankind in his fallen state, separated from God.
It
has been said that the gospel is not really “good news” until we hear and
understand the “bad news.” Whitefield was a master at painting the bad news for
his audiences, but he was just as adept at presenting the good news of God’s
love and grace for humanity. The contrast had a powerful effect on his
audiences.
God’s Wondrous Love Revealed in Jesus Christ
After
showing their lost, natural state, Whitefield always proceeded to point his
audience to Jesus Christ alone as God’s answer for mankind’s dilemma. He made
much of the wonderous grace and mercy shown to mankind through Jesus Christ.
The contrast with mankind’s rebellious and sinful state provided a stunning
comparison, and Whitefield often wept as he talked of the stupendous love and
grace of God in coming to this world in the person of Jesus Christ.
In
preaching to one large outdoor audience on Abraham’s offering up of Isaac,
Whitefield had the crowd in tears as he described the love of Abraham for his
son, and the emotions he must have experienced in binding his son and laying him
on the altar. He then exhorted,
I
see your hearts affected; I see your eyes weep. But behold I show you a
mystery, hid under the sacrifice of Abraham’s only son, which, unless your
hearts are hardened, must cause you to weep tears of love. How much more ought
you to extol, magnify, and adore the love of God, who so loved the world, as to
give His only begotten Son, Christ Jesus our Lord. May we not well cry out, “Now
know we, O Lord, that you have loved us, since you have not withheld your Son,
your only Son from us.
Oh,
stupendous love! While we were His enemies, God sent forth His Son, made of a
woman, made under the law, that He might become a curse for us. Oh, the
freeness, as well as the infinity, of the love of God our Father! It is
unsearchable: I am lost in contemplating it; it is past finding out! (Hyatt, George Whitefield, 53)
The Necessity of a New Birth
Whitefield
emphasized that many professing Christians had built their faith on faulty
foundations, such as church membership, good deeds, family pedigree, social
status, and cultural refinement. He emphasized that these old foundations must
be overturned and faith in Jesus Christ alone must be laid as the only
foundation for acceptance with God.
He
brought this vividly to the minds of a large audience as he preached on the
parable of the ten virgins from Matthew 25:1-13. He pointed out that all ten
were virgins, and all had lamps, which he said symbolized their outward
profession. Only the five wise virgins, however, had oil in their lamps, which
Whitfield said symbolized a new heart brought about by a living faith in Christ
alone. He told of the five foolish virgins knocking at the door of the wedding
but being turned away by the Lord.
“Lord,
Lord,” say they, as though they were intimately acquainted with the holy Jesus.
Like numbers among us who, because they go to church, repeat their creeds, and
receive the blessed sacrament, think they have a right to call Jesus their
Savior and dare call God their Father, when they put up the Lord’s Prayer. But
Jesus is not your Savior. The devil, not God, is your father, unless your
hearts are purified by faith and you are born again from above. It is not
merely being baptized with water, but being born again of the Holy Ghost that
must qualify you for salvation; and it will do you no service at that great
day, to say unto Christ, “Lord, my name is in the register of such and such parish.”
I am persuaded the foolish virgins could say this and more (Hyatt, George Whitefield, 54-55).
The Message Impacted America’s Founding
The
Message of Whitefield and the Great Awakening transformed the culture of
colonial America because it was the Gospel Message infused with God's power. No
less a figure than Benjamin Franklin testified to this transformation.
Profanity, immorality and drunkenness almost completely disappeared in some areas, and entire towns and villages were transformed.
New
England alone saw 30,000 to 40,000 new converts and 150 new congregations.
People lived to do good and missionary and humanitarian enterprises were
spawned. Colleges such as Princeton, Columbia and Hampden-Sydney were established
to equip ministers for the new congregations.
All
of America's Founders, to one degree or another, were impacted by the Awakening.
Concerning Whitefield’s final visit to America in 1770, historian Benjamin
Hart, wrote,
The
true Spirit of Christ had dissolved sectarian differences. America considered
itself to be a nation of Christians, pure and simple, as Whitefield noted with
satisfaction. “Pulpits, hearts and affections,” he said, were opened to him and
any preacher of whatever denomination who had a true Christian message to share
(Hyatt, Pilgrims and Patriots,
109).
The Message Will Bring Cultural Change
It
has been the Gospel Message that has changed American culture again and again
and saved her from ruin. This was confirmed by a visitor whom I believe was
Alexis de Tocqueville. Although the quote below is not found in his
writings, it has been historically attributed to him and has the Tocqueville
feel and sound. It most likely originated in one of the many speeches he gave.
Tocqueville,
a young French sociologist, came to America in 1831 to study her institutions
to see if he could discover how America had attained such greatness in such a
short period of time. He came on the heels of the Second Great Awakening that
had just transformed American culture and saved her from the negative
influences of Deism and the French Revolution.
After describing his search for America’s greatness in her great commercial centers,
her political institutions, and her educational systems, he said,
Not
until I went into the churches of America and heard her pulpits flame with
righteousness did I understand the secret of her genius and power. America is
great because America is good, and if America ever ceases to be good, America
will cease to be great (Hyatt, Pilgrims
and Patriots, 178).
May
the pulpits of America once again flame with righteousness by recovering the
Message of Jesus, the New Testament and the Great Awakening.